Aircraft with non standard switch positions should be encouraged to rectify, ie down for off.
Part 103 Microlight Aircraft — Certification
and Operating Rules
AC103-1 Microlight aircraft operating rules
Part 47 Aircraft Registration and Marking
AC47-1Aircraft registration and marking
Part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules
Part 91 and 103 have been well researched and all relevent exemptions or relevent nonexemptions have been listed below. They have been copied in full to give a clear idea of their content.
Microlights are exempt from this rule.
91.109 Aircraft flight manual
No person shall operate an aircraft unless it is operated in compliance with
the operating limitations specified in the aircraft flight manual.
Microlights are exempt from 91.111
91.111 Documents to be carried
No person may operate an aircraft unless the following documents are carried in the aircraft:
(1) except where 91.101(c) applies, the current airworthiness certificate or a certified copy of the current airworthiness certificate;
(2) the aircraft flight manual;
(3) for New Zealand registered aircraft, the technical log required under 91.629, unless the aircraft is operating under an air operator certificate from a fixed base and an alternative means acceptable to the Director is used to inform the pilot of the maintenance status of the aircraft;
(4) the certificate of registration, or a certified copy of the certificate
of registration, for?
(i) New Zealand registered aircraft operating outside New Zealand; and
(ii) foreign registered aircraft when operating within New Zealand; and
(5) for foreign registered aircraft operating within New Zealand, written evidence that the aircraft complies with the requirements of 91.803(a)(2) and 91.807(2).
This rule applies to microlights.
103.105 Documents to be carried
(a) The requirements of 91.111 shall not apply to a person operating a microlight aircraft.
(b) No person shall operate a Class 2 microlight aircraft or a Class 1 microlight helicopter unless the flight permit required by 103.203(b) is carried in the aircraft.
Microlights are not exempt from 91.112
91.112 Daily flight records
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c), an operator of an aircraft must keep accurate daily flight records that contain for each flight the following?
(1) the name of the operator:
(2) the name of the pilot-in-command:
(3) the names of other crew members:
(4) the registration markings of the aircraft:
(5) the date of the flight:
(6) the purpose of the flight:
(7) the time of commencement of the flight:
(8) the name of the departure aerodrome:
(9) the flight time of the flight.
(b) An operator must retain each daily flight record for a period of 12 months after the date of the flight.
(c) A person required to keep daily flight records in accordance with 135.857 is not required to comply with paragraphs (a) and (b).
Microlights are exempt from the following but for the latest generation of microlight 91.305 would be best practice.
91.305 Fuel requirements for flight under VFR
(a) A pilot-in-command of an aeroplane shall not begin a flight under VFR unless, in the forecast weather conditions, the aeroplane has enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing at the planned normal cruising speed and to fly?
(1) during the day, after that for at least 30 minutes; or
(2) at night, after that for at least 45 minutes.
(b) A pilot-in-command of a helicopter shall not begin a flight under VFR unless, in the forecast weather conditions, the helicopter has enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing at the planned cruising speed, and to fly?
(1) after that for at least 20 minutes; or
(2) for flights of less than 20 minutes duration, after that for a period equal to the anticipated flight time.
Microlights are exempt from this rule as per (e).(4). This is likely to change in the near future.
91.529 Emergency locator transmitter
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), (e), and 121.353(b), no person may operate an aircraft that does not have an automatic ELT installed.
(b) An aircraft may be ferried from the place where possession of the aircraft was taken to a place where the automatic ELT is to be installed if no passengers are carried on the aircraft.
(c) An aircraft with an inoperative automatic ELT may be ferried from a place where repairs or replacement cannot be made to a place where the repairs or replacement can be made if no passengers are carried on the aircraft.
(d) An aircraft with an inoperative automatic ELT may be operated for a period of seven days inclusive if the aircraft is equipped with a portable ELT that is accessible to each person on board the aircraft.
(e) Paragraph (a) does not apply to?
(1) any aircraft equipped with no more than one seat, if the pilot is equipped with a portable ELT; or
(2) any glider in which at least one person carried in the glider is equipped with a portable ELT; or
(3) any glider, or powered aircraft equipped with no more than one seat, where the glider or aircraft is operated no more than 10 nm from the aerodrome from which the glider or aircraft took off; or
(4) any microlight aircraft; or
(5) any manned free balloon.
Microlights are exempt from this rule.
91.603 General maintenance requirements
The operator of an aircraft shall ensure that?
(1) the aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition; and
(2) the applicable airworthiness directives are complied with; and
(3) the aircraft is inspected in accordance with this Subpart; and
(4) the following are complied with?
(i) the mandatory replacement times, inspection intervals, and related procedures specified in the airworthiness limitations section of a manufacturer's maintenance manual or instructions for continued airworthiness issued for the aircraft; or
(ii) the inspection intervals and related procedures detailed in a maintenance programme authorised by an air operator certificate issued under Part 119; or
(iii) the inspection intervals and related procedures detailed in a maintenance programme that is approved under 91.623, or is otherwise acceptable to the Director; and
(5) except as provided in paragraph (6), discrepancies are repaired in accordance with Part 43 between inspections required by the maintenance programme under which the aircraft is maintained ; and
(6) any inoperative instrument or item of equipment, permitted to be inoperative by 91.537, is repaired, replaced, removed, or inspected at the next inspection required by the maintenance programme under which the aircraft is maintained; and
(7) a placard has been installed as required by 43.109 when listed discrepancies include inoperative instruments or equipment; and
(8) no person performs maintenance on the aircraft other than as prescribed in this Subpart, Part 43 or any other applicable Rule.
Microlights are exempt from.
91.607 Annual and 100 hour inspections
(a) No person shall operate an aircraft unless it has had an annual or 100 hour inspection performed in accordance with Part 43?
(1) within the preceding 12 calendar months; and
(2) within the preceding 100 hours time in service.
(b) Paragraph (a) does not apply to an aircraft maintained in accordance with a maintenance programme approved under 91.623.
Microlights must comply with.
103.217 Maintenance and inspection requirements
(a) Each operator of a microlight aircraft shall take such action as is necessary to ensure the continuing airworthiness of that aircraft.
(b) Each operator of a microlight aircraft, meeting a type design standard listed in 103.207(a)(1), shall ensure that it is maintained in accordance with the designer or kitset manufacturer maintenance requirements.
(c) No person shall operate a microlight aircraft unless within the preceding 12 months the aircraft has undergone an annual condition inspection.
(d) The inspection required by paragraph (c) shall?
(1) be performed by?
(i) a person authorised by a microlight organisation to perform annual condition inspections; or
(ii) the Director; or
(iii) the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer licence issued under Part 66 rated in the aircraft and engine groups; and
(2) include the applicable items and components listed in Part 43, Appendix C.
(e) Each person who performs the inspection required by paragraph (c) shall, if they find the aircraft to be airworthy?
(1) make a certification to that effect on an inspection form permanently affixed to the aircraft in a prominent place adjacent
to the point of entry; and
(2) retain a copy of the inspection form required by paragraph (e)(1) as a record of that certification; and
(3) for a class 2 microlight aircraft, make a certification to that effect in the applicable maintenance record required by 91.627.
(f) The aircraft inspection form required by paragraph (e)(1) shall include the?
(1) aircraft registration letters; and
(2) aircraft type; and
(3) due date for the next annual condition inspection; and
(4) date, signature, and licence or certificate number of the engineer or inspector who carried out the annual condition inspection.
(g) Where an aircraft is found not to be airworthy during the inspection required by paragraph (c), the operator shall not permit the aircraft to be flown until it has been certified as airworthy in accordance with paragraph (e).
Microlights are not exempt from this rule.
91.613 SSR transponder tests and inspections
No person shall operate an aircraft unless the SSR transponder required to be installed in that aircraft by Subpart F has been tested and inspected within the preceding 24 calendar months, in accordance with Part 43, Appendix E.
Microlights are exempt from this rule.
91.619 Annual review of airworthiness
(a) No person shall operate an aircraft unless an annual review of airworthiness has been performed within the preceding 12 months in accordance with Part 43.
(b) The first annual review of airworthiness shall be required before 1 April 1998.
Microlights are exempt from this rule.
91.621 Maintenance programmes
(a) An operator of?
(1) an aircraft with a MCTOW greater than 5700 kg; or
(2) a turbine-powered multi-engine aircraft; or
(3) a turbine-powered rotorcraft; or
(4) an aircraft issued with a special category airworthiness certificate? must ensure that the aircraft, including the airframe, engines, propellers, rotors, appliances, survival equipment, and emergency equipment, is maintained in accordance with a maintenance programme listed in paragraph (b)(1).
(b) The operator of an aircraft described in paragraph (a) must?
(1) use one of the following programmes for the maintenance of the aircraft:
(i) a current maintenance programme approved under Part
119; or
(ii) a current maintenance programme recommended by the manufacturer; or
(iii) a maintenance programme established by the operator of that aircraft and, except as provided in paragraph (c), approved under 91.623; and
(2) identify the maintenance programme to be used under paragraph
(b)(1) in the aircraft maintenance records; and
(3) identify in the maintenance programme to be used under paragraph (b)(1) the person responsible for scheduling the maintenance that is required in the programme; and
(4) when changing from one maintenance programme listed in paragraph (b)(1) to another, schedule the inspections required by the new programme to provide for the continued airworthy condition of the aircraft; and
(5) provide a copy of the maintenance programme to be used under paragraph (b)(1) to the person performing maintenance on the aircraft and, upon request, to the Director.
(c) A maintenance programme for an aircraft requiring a special category airworthiness certificate must be approved by the Director at the time of issue of the airworthiness certificate in accordance with Part 21.
Microlights are exempt from this rule.
91.623 Approval of maintenance programmes
(a) Each applicant for the approval of a maintenance programme shall complete form CAA 24091/02, and submit it to the Director together with the document required by paragraph (c) and a payment of the appropriate application fee prescribed by regulations made under the Act.
(b) Form CAA 24091/02 shall require?
(1) the name and address for service in New Zealand of the applicant; and
(2) the identification of the maintenance organisation that is to conduct the maintenance; and
(3) the maintenance status of the aircraft prior to the commencement of the programme; and
(4) the means of introducing the programme; and
(5) such further particulars relating to the programme and applicant as may be required by the Director as indicated on the form.
(c) The applicant shall provide the Director with a document, that is available and readily understandable to all pilots and maintenance personnel, containing details of the programme including?
(1) an explanation of the programme, including the continuity of inspection responsibility and the compilation and retention of records, reports, and technical reference material; and
(2) instructions and procedures for the conduct of the maintenance for the particular aircraft type, including required inspections and tests; and
(3) an inspection schedule for performing the inspections required by the programme expressed in terms of the time in service, cycles, calendar time, number of system operations, or any combination of these; and
(4) for a progressive inspection programme, an inspection schedule that provides for the complete inspection of the aircraft within each 12 month period and is consistent with?
(i) the manufacturer's recommendations; and
(ii) service experience; and
(iii) the type of operation in which the aircraft is engaged; and
(5) instructions for exceeding an inspection interval by not more than 10% to allow?
(i) accomplishment of an inspection during other scheduled maintenance; or
(ii) completion of the delivery of an aircraft to the place where the inspection can be done; and
(6) instructions for changing an inspection interval because of service experience; and
(7) sample inspection forms and instructions for their use; and
(8) sample reports and records and instructions for their use.
(d) An applicant is entitled to the approval of a maintenance programme if the Director is satisfied that?
(1) the requirements of this rule are satisfied; and
(2) the grant of the approval is not contrary to the interests of aviation safety.
Microlights are exempt from this rule.
91.625 Changes to maintenance programmes
(a) An operator must, upon the Director?s request, make any revisions to a maintenance programme found by the Director to be necessary to satisfy the continuing airworthiness requirements of that programme.
(b) An operator discontinuing a maintenance programme approved under 91.623 must?
(1) notify the Director in writing of the discontinuation, within 7 days of the discontinuation; and
(2) either?
(i) complete the inspections required by 91.605(a); or
(ii) re-schedule the inspections required by 91.605(a) from the last complete inspection of the aircraft; or
(iii) if changing to another maintenance programme approved under 91.623, schedule the inspections required by the new programme to provide for the continued airworthy condition of the aircraft.
Microlights are not exempt from this rule.
91.627 Maintenance records
(a) An operator of an aircraft, except a Class 1 microlight aircraft, must ensure that for each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance of an aircraft, the following records are compiled?
(1) accurate records of all maintenance performed including?
(i) a description of the work; and
(ii) the date of completion of the work; and
(iii) the signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for return to service; and
(2) accurate records containing the following information?
(i) the total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each rotor; and
(ii) the current status of parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor and appliance of an aircraft that have a finite life; and
(iii) the time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis; and
(iv) the current maintenance status of the aircraft, including the time since the last inspection required by the maintenance programme under which the aircraft is maintained; and
(v) the current status of each applicable AD including the AD number, the revision date, the means of compliance, and if the AD involves recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required; and
(vi) a list of current major modifications and major repairs to each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance; and
(vii) the time since the last annual review of airworthiness or maintenance review.
(b) The records required in paragraph (a) may be kept in plain language form or in coded form provided that the coded form provides for the preservation and retrieval of information in a manner acceptable to the Director.
Microlights are exempt from this rule but it could be best practice for club aircraft or aircraft used by more than one person.
91.629 Technical log
(a) Each operator of an aircraft shall provide a technical log for the aircraft which has provision for recording?
(1) the name of the operator; and
(2) the registration, type, and model of the aircraft; and
(3) the identity of the maintenance programme to which the aircraft is maintained; and
(4) a statement of the maintenance status of the aircraft including the identity of the next scheduled inspection and the date due; and
(5) the date or hours at which any other maintenance is due prior to the next scheduled inspection; and
(6) the date at which the next annual review of airworthiness or maintenance review is due; and
(7) the daily hours flown; and
(8) the total time in service; and
(9) if applicable?
(i) the daily cycles used; and
(ii) the total cycles; and
(10) any defects found by the pilot during or following a flight; and
(11) details of rectification of defects occurring between scheduled inspections and the certificate of release to service for that rectification; and
(12) details of any deferred rectification including any inoperative equipment with which the aircraft is permitted to be flown under 91.537.
(b) The operator shall record the information specified in paragraph (a) in the technical log and ensure that the information is current.
