Index for raanz-ops
Authorised Operations
General Rules
Cross Country Flights
Low Flying
Pilot Training
Conditions of Instruction
Renewal of Certificate
Application for Pilot Certificates
Overseas Microlight Pilots
Pilot Qualification
Overview of Certificate Structure
Transitional arrangements.
Pilot Certificate Classes
Novice Pilot Certificate
Intermediate Pilot Certificate
Advanced Local Pilot Certificate
Advanced National Pilot Certificate
Passenger Rating
Microlight Instructor Certificate
Authorised Testing Officer
Medical Fitness
Fit and Proper
Solo Flight
Remote Supervision
Cross Crediting Experience
Flight Experience
Controlled Airspace Knowledge
Local Cross Country
National Cross Country
Pilot Examinations
Pilot Flight Test
Microlight Instructor Examination
Microlight Instructor Flight Test
Type Ratings
Microlight Test Pilot
Special Ratings
Renewal procedure for current Part 61 Instructors
Out of area certificate issue and renewal
Microlight Aircraft
Incidents
Alert Level
Maintenance
Microlight Inspection Authority
Modification
Defects
Safety Directive and Airworthiness Directive Compliance
Service Bulletin Assessment and Dissemination
Type Acceptance
Application for Certificate of Registration and Issue of Flight Permit
Revalidation of Flight Permit
Special Operations
Microlight Helicopter Operations
Microlight Towing Operations
| Authorised Operations |  |
| General Rules | Top | Back to Index |
No Microlight Aircraft shall be operated when the surface wind speed is in excess of 75 percent of the Aircraft's stall speed.
Any accident as defined in CAR Rules Part 12 involving a Microlight Aircraft shall be reported in the first instance to the Controller of Safety Investigation.
| Cross Country Flights | Top | Back to Index |
Prior to undertaking a cross-country flight or any flight during which it is proposed to proceed beyond gliding distance of land in a Microlight Aircraft, the pilot shall advise a responsible person of his/her intentions and shall specify any action that shall be taken by that person if he/she does not receive notification of the safe termination of the flight.
Appropriate Aeronautical topographical charts shall be carried on all cross-country flights in Microlight Aircraft.
When it is intended to proceed beyond gliding distance of land in a Microlight Aircraft:
a) A life jacket shall be worn by each person on board.
b) The pilot shall comply with the condition specified above.
| Low Flying | Top | Back to Index |
For other purposes (eg. Competitions, Lolly Drops), the pilot will be required to obtain an authorisation and briefing from a Senior Instructor prior to the flight. This authorisation may be given to operate to 200ft AGL under CAR Part 103.153.
Responsibility for the safe conduct of the flight will rest with the pilot in command, under CAR Part 103.
Except for take-offs and landings, missed approaches and the exceptions stated above, operations below 500ft AGL are not permitted.
| Pilot Training | Top | Back to Index |
Clubs shall ensure that training given under their jurisdiction conforms to the contents of the RAANZ Instructor Manual.
It shall be the responsibility of RAANZ to ensure that Instructors maintain a uniform high standard of training. This is to be achieved through Authorised Testing Officers giving Instructor re-tests.
No affiliated Club or group may carry out Microlight training or Instruction unless such training or Instruction is at all times under the supervision of a RAANZ appointed Instructor.
| Conditions of Instruction | Top | Back to Index |
If the membership of an Instructor lapses, his/her Instructor rating becomes invalid until such time as membership is renewed.
All Instructors are required to instruct under the control and direction of the affiliated club that the (Senior)Instructor belongs to.
| Renewal of Certificate | Top | Back to Index |
| Application for Pilot Certificates | Top | Back to Index |
| Overseas Microlight Pilots | Top | Back to Index |
Visiting overseas pilots can apply for a RAANZ certificate by meeting the following requirements:
a) Becoming a member of RAANZ through a RAANZ affiliated club.
b) Providing evidence that the overseas certificate held is equivalent to the RAANZ certificate sought.
c) Passing the RAANZ aviation law examination.
d) Satisfying a RAANZ Senior Instructor that he/she meets the standard set by RAANZ for the issue of the certificate type applied for.
Short Term Operation using Foreign Pilot Certificates/Licences
Pilots visiting for a period of less than one month may fly using their foreign certificate and a logbook endorsement from a RAANZ Senior Instructor by meeting the following:
a) Becoming a member of RAANZ through a RAANZ affiliated club.
b) Satisfying a RAANZ Senior Instructor that he/she meets the standard set by RAANZ for the issue of a RAANZ certificate equivalent to the foreign certificate held.
c) All flying is done under the supervision of the instructor named in the pilot's logbook endorsement.
Note: The Instructor is responsible for ensuring the pilot is fully briefed for the activity to be undertaken, particularly with respect to Aviation Law.
| Pilot Qualification | |
| Overview of Certificate Structure | Top | Back to Index |
The Novice and Intermediate certificates are "learning" certificates. The purpose of these certificates is to create a safe learning environment with strong ties back to our Instructors.
The provision of a Advanced Local and Advanced National certificate reflects the different needs of our pilots and our aim is to have pilots advance to one of these certificates as soon as practical. Traditionally pilots of microlights did not cover large distances and tended to operate inside their local patch. The Advanced Local Certificate reflects and protects this type of operation. The Advanced National Certificate is designed and intended to be our equivalence to a Part 61 PPL licence. Pilots operating capable cross country machines will require this extra level of experience. A pilot who attains this certificate will have demonstrated competency to a similar level as a PPL except that no instrument flight instruction is included. The difference between local and national advanced certificates is an extended cross country requirement and mandatory FRTO examination pass and Controlled Airspace Knowledge test. Note that the FRTO and Controlled Airspace Knowledge test may be added / required for the Advanced Local certificate if the area of operations dictates this. Both levels of Advanced certificate require the pilot to demonstrate competence to the same standard during flight tests.
Passenger ratings are the most significant responsibility that a pilot accepts and to reflect this a passenger rating is now available only to Advanced Local and Advanced National certificated pilots.
RAANZ recognises the need to ensure that pilots of capable cross country machines have a skill set that matches the requirements of that machine and the types of flights that it will undertake. Much of the push for change in this manual has been precipitated by these types of operations.
RAANZ is also aware of the need to keep the requirements for "cabbage patch" flyers and pilots of lower performance machines simple and achievable. The organisation is committed to protecting the rights and privileges of pilots of the most basic flying machines.
| Transitional arrangements. | Top | Back to Index |
From the date of this new manual being implemented ( 1 December 2004 ) the following rules will apply.
An existing Novice Certificate holder will exercise the privileges of a Novice Certificate as defined in this manual and will remain valid until the current certificate expires or is renewed or upgraded.
An existing Intermediate Certificate holder will exercise the privileges of an Intermediate Certificate as defined in this manual and will remain valid until the current certificate expires or is renewed or upgraded. Passenger ratings issued on the old Intermediate certificate will remain current until the current certificate expires or is renewed or upgraded. Passenger ratings WILL NOT be renewed on an Intermediate Certificate. Pilots should upgrade to one of the Advanced Certificates.
An existing Advanced Certificate holder will exercise the privileges of an Advanced National Certificate as defined in this manual and will remain valid UNTIL the current certificate expires
OR
the current certificate is renewed or upgraded
OR
the candidate undergoes any type rating with a RAANZ Instructor.
At that time ( ie first contact with an instructor after the manual effective date ) the renewing instructor will review the candidate with reference to the requirements of an Advanced National Certificate, including examination pass requirements, dual cross country experience and solo cross country experience, especially relating to use of airspace. If the candidate meets the requirements they will be issued with a new Advanced National Certificate. If they do not meet the requirements they will be issued with a new Advanced Local Certificate.
An existing Instructor Certificate holder will exercise the privileges of a Instructor Certificate as defined in this manual and will remain valid until the current certificate expires or is renewed or upgraded.
An existing Senior Instructor Certificate holder will exercise the privileges of a Senior Instructor Certificate as defined in this manual and will remain valid until the current certificate expires or is renewed or upgraded.
ATO appointments will remain valid.
Type ratings
All type ratings gained previously will remain valid.
Any aircraft currently being flown without an "existing" type rating formerly lodged in the Pilots logbook should be reviewed at renewal or upgrade time by the instructor.
Instructors should use the Type Rating Checklist when formalising and making log book entries for types that the pilot has logged experience on.
Flight tests
From 1 December 2004 to 30 November 2005 the wing drop stall / spin requirement may be defered until after 1 December 2005 if :
the testing instructor has not had dual revision on the exercise
OR
in the case of the testing aircraft not being suitable to demonstrate wing drop stall / spin that the candidate has not achived a logbook sign off of the exercise in another suitable aircraft.
| Pilot Certificate Classes | Top | Back to Index |
GROUP A - Valid for the operation of Weight Shift Part 103 aircraft only.
GROUP B - Valid for the operation of 2 or 3-axis control Part 103 aircraft only.
GROUP H - Valid for the operation of Part 103 Helicopters.
GROUP P - Valid for the operation of Part 103 Powered Parachutes only.
GROUP G - Valid for the operation of Part 103 Autogyro only.
| Novice Pilot Certificate | Top | Back to Index |
Be at least 16 years of age
Provide proof of Medical Fitness
Provide application or proof as Fit and Proper
There is no minimum flight time experience for this certificate
There is no flight test for this certificate
Privileges and Limitations
A Novice Pilot Certificate authorises the holder to act, under the supervision of an Instructor, as pilot-in-command of a Microlight Aircraft that is NOT carrying a passenger, for the purpose of:
a) increasing their skill in order to qualify for the issue of a Certificate of higher qualification;
OR
b) Engaging in flying practice in order to qualify for a Certificate that is no longer valid.
A Novice Pilot MAY NOT carry a passenger under any circumstance
ALL flights MUST BE approved by a RAANZ Instructor
During ALL dual flights with an instructor the instructor is Pilot in Command
Before first Solo flight approval is given a Novice Pilot MUST meet the requirements of Solo Flight
Continued solo authorisation requires a dual check at least every 90 days.
Remote Supervision is available. The conditions outlined in Remote Supervision MUST BE complied with.
The Novice Pilot Certificate will be valid for the maximum of One Year.
| Intermediate Pilot Certificate | Top | Back to Index |
THE PILOT:
- Is the holder of an Novice Certificate or higher OR meets the requirements of this certificate
- Complies with Medical Fitness and Fit and Proper requirements
- Prior to undertaking a flight test an applicant shall have completed at least 25 hours Flight Experience , except, for Powered Parachutes the applicant shall have complete at least 15 hours Flight Experience .
- Prior to undertaking the flight test for an Intermediate Pilot Certificate applicant will be required to provide proof of a pass in a written examination in the following subjects:
a) Aviation Law.
b) Microlight Air Navigation.
c) Micro Meteorology
d) Aircraft Technical Knowledge Microlight Aircraft.
e) For Autogyro operations only Rotary Wing Technical Knowledge.
f) FRTO ( If a radio is used )
The detailed syllabus of examination in the above subjects is set out under heading Pilot Examinations . Information detailing acceptable equivalant examinations is included there.
- Be flight tested by a RAANZ Instructor to demonstrate their general knowledge and ability to perform competently those normal and emergency flight maneuvers applicable to the type of Microlight Aircraft on which they are being flight tested. The syllabus for the flight test is set out under heading Pilot Flight Test
AND:
If the area of operation ( 10NM from the base field ) includes controlled airspace:
- Have completed the requirements set out under Controlled Airspace Knowledge and have a log book endorsement documenting this.
- Provide proof of a pass in a written examination for FRTO
Privileges and Limitations
A Intermediate Pilot Certificate authorises the holder to act as pilot-in-command of a Microlight Aircraft for the purpose of increasing their skill in order to qualify for the issue of a Certificate of higher qualification;
A Intermediate Pilot MAY NOT carry a passenger under any circumstance
ALL flights are limited to 10NM radius from the Base field of operation.
Each and every base field ( from which the maximum 10NM restriction applies ) requires a briefing from - and may require a dual flight with a RAANZ Instructor, depending on the area. This instruction will include all local procedures, especially airspace requirements, and evidence of this will be recorded in the Pilots Log Book. The instructor may limit the approved area of operations to less than 10NM depending on the local environment. If the pilot has not met the requirements of Controlled Airspace Knowledge and FRTO the approval will specifically state that approval is NOT given for entry into controlled airspace.
ALL flights further than 10NM MUST BE approved by a RAANZ Instructor and will only be approved if they form part of the pilots ongoing training program (ie solo cross county exercises)
Remote Supervision is available. The conditions outlined in Remote Supervision MUST BE complied with.
The Intermediate Pilot Certificate will be valid for a maximum of One Year.
If the holder of an Intermediate Pilot Certificate has not carried out at least three take-offs and landings in a Microlight Aircraft in the preceding 90 days a dual check with an Instructor is required to regain currency.
| Advanced Local Pilot Certificate | Top | Back to Index |
THE PILOT:
- Is the holder of an Intermediate Certificate or higher OR meets the requirements of this certificate
- Complies with Medical Fitness and Fit and Proper requirements
- Prior to undertaking a flight test an applicant shall have completed at least 40 hours Flight Experience .
- Shall have complete the cross-country flights as set out under heading Local Cross Country
- Be flight tested by a RAANZ Instructor to demonstrate their general knowledge and ability to perform competently those normal and emergency flight maneuvers applicable to the type of Microlight Aircraft on which they are being flight tested. The syllabus for the flight test is set out under heading Pilot Flight Test
AND:
If the area of operation is to include controlled airspace
- Have completed the requirements set out under Controlled Airspace Knowledge and have a logbook endorsement documenting this.
- Provide proof of a pass in a written examination for FRTO
Privileges and Limitations
An Advanced Local Pilot Certificate authorises the holder to act, but not for remuneration, as pilot-in-command of a Microlight Aircraft. Unless the provisions under the heading Passenger Rating are met the certificate shall be endorsed ''NOT PASSENGER RATED''.
An Advanced Local Pilot MAY NOT carry a passenger UNLESS the provisions under heading Passenger Rating are met AND they meet the currency requirement of this certificate. (NOTE: Passenger rating minimum is 45 hrs flight experience including a minimum of 35hrs PIC)
If the holder of an Advanced Local Pilot Certificate has not carried out at least three take-offs and landings in a Microlight Aircraft in the preceding 90 day period they must do this before exercising the privileges of certificate. This can be with or without an instructor at their discretion.
ALL flights are limited to a maximum of 50NM radius from the Base field of operation.
Each base field ( from which the maximum 50NM restriction applies ) requires a briefing from - and may require a dual flight with a RAANZ Instructor, depending on the area and pilot experience. This instruction will include all local procedures, especially airspace requirements, and evidence of this will be recorded in the Pilots Log Book. The instructor may limit the approved area of operations to less than 50NM depending on the local environment. If the pilot has not met the requirements of Controlled Airspace Knowledge and FRTO the approval will specifically state that approval is NOT given for entry into controlled airspace.
ALL flights outside the approved area MUST BE approved by a RAANZ Instructor
Remote Supervision is available. The conditions outlined in Remote Supervision MUST BE complied with.
The Advanced Local Pilot Certificate will be valid for the maximum of Two Years.
| Advanced National Pilot Certificate | Top | Back to Index |
THE PILOT:
- Is the holder of an Intermediate Certificate or higher OR meets the requirements of this certificate
- Complies with Medical Fitness and Fit and Proper requirements
- Shall have complete the cross-country flights as set out under heading National Cross Country
- Have completed the requirements set out under Controlled Airspace Knowledge and have a logbook endorsement documenting this.
- Prior to undertaking a flight test an applicant shall have completed at least 45 hours flight experience.
- Provide proof of a pass in a written examination for FRTO
The detailed syllabus of examination in the above subjects is set out under heading Pilot Examinations . Information detailing acceptable equivalent examinations is included there.
- Be flight tested by a RAANZ Instructor to demonstrate their general knowledge and ability to perform competently those normal and emergency flight maneuvers applicable to the type of Microlight Aircraft on which they are being flight tested. The syllabus for the flight test is set out under heading Pilot Flight Test
Privileges and Limitations
An Advanced National Pilot Certificate authorises the holder to act, but not for remuneration, as pilot-in-command of a Microlight Aircraft. Unless the provisions under the heading Passenger Rating are met the certificate shall be endorsed ''NOT PASSENGER RATED''.
An Advance National Pilot MAY NOT carry a passenger UNLESS unless the provisions under heading Passenger Rating are met AND they meet the currency requirement of this certificate. (NOTE: Passenger rating minimum is 45 hrs flight experience including a minimum of 35hrs PIC).
If the holder of an Advanced National Pilot Certificate has not carried out at least three take-offs and landings in a Microlight Aircraft in the preceding 90 day period they must do this before exercising the privileges of certificate. This can be with or without an instructor at their discretion.
The Advanced National Pilot Certificate will be valid for the maximum of Two Years.
| Passenger Rating | Top | Back to Index |
Pilots wishing to carry passengers must have completed a minimum of 45 hours Flight Experience including a minimum of 35hrs PIC, except in the case of Powered Parachutes the minimum is 30 hours Flight Experience .
Pilots must demonstrate to a RAANZ Instructor competency in a 2-seat Microlight Aircraft and receive a briefing on issues relating to carrying passengers. The briefing shall specifically cover :
Aircraft performance limitations and loading especially with regard to heavy passengers
Pilot attitudes and their responsibility, in particular, to innocent and trusting non pilots
Passenger fear and possible reaction to the flight experience
Passengers ability to jeopardise flight safety
Briefing of passengers on aircraft operations and emergency procedures.
Pilots applying for a passenger rating will be reminded that holding this rating is dependent on the pilot continuing to demonstrate responsibility to flight safety. A pilots passenger rating may be suspended, effective immediately, at discretion of an instructor, following legitimate concerns about the pilots attitude to flight safety. Once a Passenger rating is suspended a hearing between the pilot, the suspending Instructor, the Club President ( or other club office holder in their absence) , and the Club CFI ( or acting Club CFI in their absence ) will decide the length of the suspension. This hearing will take place within 7 days. At the end of the agreed suspension period the pilot may be flight tested and on passing the flight test have the suspension lifted. The initial suspension, the result of the club hearing and the result of the flight test to re-instate the passenger rating shall be recorded in the pilots logbook and RAANZ administration should be advised immediately. After the Club hearing the pilot may appeal for a final, and binding, review to RAANZ. At least two from the following ; The RAANZ Operations Officer, The RAANZ Chief Executive Officer, The RAANZ President , shall conduct this review. The review will be completed within 7 days of the request.
Following the successful completion of this flight test a new Certificate shall be issued "Passenger Rated".
The holder of a Passenger Rating shall not exercise the privilege unless they have carried out at least three take-offs and landings in a Microlight Aircraft in each 90 day period. A pilot may regain currency by flying solo or dual with an instructor, at their discretion.
| Microlight Instructor Certificate | Top | Back to Index |
THE PILOT:
- Is the holder of an Advanced National Certificate or higher OR meets the requirements of this certificate
- Complies with Medical Fitness and Fit and Proper requirements
- If this is an initial issue the applicant must be recommended in writing by the applicants club as a suitable candidate for the position of instructor. Such recommendation shall be dated within the 12 months of the applicants flight test. This letter will also name the candidates "sponsor" ATO who will oversee their induction as an Instructor. The "sponsor" ATO will assess the applicants need for any practical Instructor training prior to the applicants flight test. This practical training may be a mixture of flight and briefing work and may be carried out by other instructors as well as the "sponsor" ATO. Training may be structured to give the applicant instructional support during the initial stages of instructing after the initial Instructors rating has been gained. All briefing and flying exercises will be logged in the applicants logbook.
- If this is a renewal of an existing Instructors rating the ATO should review if the candidate has completed an approved Instructor Skills Seminar. All Senior Instructors must meet this requirement and all Instructors within the first two years. ( ie no instructor can avoid this requirement for more than 24 months )
- Shall demonstrate to a RAANZ Authorised Testing Officer their ability to give Instruction on Microlight Aircraft and demonstrate their ability to fly a Microlight Aircraft (within the Groups for which they have ratings) and complete the exercises listed under the heading Microlight Instructor Flight Test . The demonstration shall be completed in a two seat microlight.
- Prior to undertaking the flight test for Initial issue demonstrated knowledge as detailed under the heading Microlight Instructor Examination . Evidence of this examination will be recorded in the pilots logbook.
- Prior to undertaking a flight test for the issue of a Microlight Instructor Certificate, an applicant shall have completed not less than 150 hours Flight Experience in powered aircraft, which shall include at least 10 hours in Microlight Aircraft and at least 10 hrs cross country in powered aircraft.
Privileges and Limitations
Exercise the privileges of an Advanced National Pilot
Plus
a) Give flight and ground Instruction in Microlight Aircraft.
b) Authorise solo flight but not a pilots first solo flight.
c) Issue type ratings for type the instructor is type rated on.
d) May receive payment for their time instructing on the ground. NOTE : it must be clear that the student is following a structured course of learning towards a pilot certificate and the operation is an accepted part of the local clubs operations. This is NOT a mechanism for "commercial operations" or "joy rides" or "adventure aviation" in any form , under the guise of "trial flights" or "instruction".
The holder shall not exercise the privileges of their Certificate unless within the immediately preceding 90 days they have carried out at least three take-offs and landings in a Microlight Aircraft
The Instructor Certificate will be valid for the maximum of One Year.
Only a Senior Instructor may:
a) authorise a first solo flight.
b) flight test applicants to the level of Advanced Pilot.
c) flight test applicants for a Passenger Rating
Instructor Upgrading
A Microlight Instructor shall be considered provisional until at the discretion of their "sponsor" ATO they may be upgraded to Senior Instructor. Before this upgrade will be considered they must
Have performed minimum of 50 hours Instructing time.
AND
Have a total Flight Experience of 200hrs on powered aircraft
AND
Acted as the primary instructor responsible for managing at least 2 students training programs from abinitio to first solo.
AND
Have completed an approved Instructor Skills Seminar
Senior Instructor privileges for groups that are not held
A Senior Instructor may perform the following reviews / ratings for groups that are not on their certificate.
Perform Biannual Flight Reviews
Upgrade from Intermediate to Advanced
Upgrade from Local Advanced to National Advanced
Note: This intent is to allow pilots of the less common groups (P,G,A) to have access to instructors for upgrades and renewals. It is not intended that an instructor would perform these services if another instructor who is rated on the required group is available. It is not intended that abinitio or type instruction would be given. Pilots need to be trained to intermediate level by instructors rated on the appropriate group.
Instructors wishing to exercise this privilege require a letter of authorisation from RAANZ.
| Authorised Testing Officer | Top | Back to Index |
It is RAANZ policy to only appoint ATO's as required. Consideration is given to local as well as national considerations. In many areas there are individuals capable of the responsibility who are not asked / appointed because there are sufficient existing ATO's.
The ATO appointment is enduring while the ATO holds a current Senior Instructor Rating and may be reviewed at any time at RAANZ's discretion.
The RAANZ executive may at its discretion accept as a test for an ATO, any form of flight test considered by the Operations Officer to be equivalent. Generally it is preferred that ATO's flight test with other ATO's as this positively supports the concept of an ATO network.
New candidates will already be Senior Instructors , have no less than 500 hrs Flight Experience on powered aircraft and no less than 100 hrs of instructing time logged.
Privileges
Gives entitlement to Instruct and flight test all classes of applicant for Pilot Certificates, in any group rating the ATO holds.
In extraordinary circumstances the RAANZ executive may issue a grouping alteration for an ATO by means of an appointment.
| Medical Fitness | Top | Back to Index |
A current RAANZ Medical Declaration as set out in _Medical_Declaration_Form_ approved by the examining Doctor
or
Present a current CAA Part 67 pilot medical certificate
or
For overseas pilots seeking temporary certification ( less than 6 months ) the medical certificate acceptable to the organisation that issued their certificate or licence.
| Fit and Proper | Top | Back to Index |
The initial certificate will not be issued until the fit and proper form has been received, processed and approved.
Acceptable proof of an existing fit and proper person status is :
A current RAANZ microlight certificate.
A current CAA Part 61 Pilot Licence
An acceptable current certificate with another CAA Part 149 approved organisation.
| Solo Flight | Top | Back to Index |
He/she has received flight or ground Instruction from a Microlight Instructor in the following areas:
i) The setting-up and pre-flight of Microlight Aircraft.
ii) Ground handling and Taxiing.
iii) Effect of controls.
iv) Straight and level flight.
v) Climbing and descending.
vi) Level, climbing and descending turns.
vii) Stall recognition and recovery.
viii) Take-off, circuit and landing.
ix) Going around again.
x) Engine failure both during and after take-off.
xi) Forced landing without power.
xii) Circuit rejoins
xiii a) ROTORCRAFT ONLY Operation behind the power curve.
xiii b) ROTORCRAFT ONLY Recovery from Pilot Induced Oscillation.
xiv) POWERED PARACHUTE ONLY - Canopy Collapse, Steering Riser breakage and Canopy non-inflation on Take Off.
The Novice Pilot's Solo Logbook Endorsement will be signed by a Senior Microlight Instructor. Autogyro operations shall be limited to the airfield circuit area.
| Remote Supervision | Top | Back to Index |
- The pilots has gained passes in the following examinations.
Law
FRTO ( if a radio is used )
- The student has received instruction and can perform all exercises described under the heading Pilot Flight Test .
- The Instructor has flown with the student at the remote location, has given a briefing of the area of operations and observed the Student flying solo at the remote location.
- The Instructor has endorsed the Students logbook detailing the area of operations, the maximum and minimum wind and meteorological conditions agreed to be acceptable. The endorsement will be current for no more than 90 days or 10 hours flight time , which ever occurs first.
- On the day of the planned flight training operations the student will discuss with the Instructor the planned flight exercises, the area of operations, the current weather situation and the weather minimas that would preclude further flight for that day.
- The Student will contact the Instructor on completion of the days flying operations for a debrief.
The Instructor may revoke the endorsement or require further dual AT ANY time.
| Cross Crediting Experience | Top | Back to Index |
| Flight Experience | Top | Back to Index |
OR
Time cross credited for any relevant flying experience that has been gained under a formally instructed, certificated/licenced and logged environment. The acceptance of this time is at the discretion of the instructor and needs to be formally recorded in the candidates logbook including details of what is being accepted. Instructors may seek guidance from the Operations officer.
Examples or time that may qualify are.
Part 61 ( Certificated aircraft and helicopters )
Part 104 ( Gliders )
Part 106 ( Hang gliders and Paragliders )
Equivalent overseas certificates
Previous flight experience can be cross credited at the discretion of the instructor. The acceptance of this time will be up to 100%. The instructor will record the cross credited time in the pilots log book including details of time being accepted.
Competency Based Training
Regardless of whether previous experience is being counted or not , each flight exercise will be reviewed and will only be signed off when competency is demonstrated.
Minimum Times
These are MINIMUM's . In many cases candidates for a certificate will accumulate more time than the minimum. This is normal. A candidate will be progressed ONLY when their instructor is satisfied that they have sufficient experience and competence to HOLD THAT APPROPRIATE CERTIFICATE.
| Controlled Airspace Knowledge | Top | Back to Index |
Knowledge to be demonstrated
Types of airspace
Requirements for entry
Procedures for entry and exit
Identification of controlling authority ( Tower or Control )
At controlled airfields use of tower, ground, ATIS and uncontrolled ground movements
Recognition of airspace in 3 dimensions, especially layered airspace
Mandatory Broadcast Zone requirements
Transponder Mandatory requirements
Information on maps including VHF Radio frequencies for Airfields , ATIS and information service
Radio failure procedures
Use of transponders
| Local Cross Country | Top | Back to Index |
Prior to undertaking solo cross country exercises candidate pilots will have gained passes in the following examinations.
Navigation
Meteorology
Law
FRTO ( if a radio is used )
An applicant for the issue of an Local Advanced Pilot Certificate (GROUPS A,B,P,R) shall have satisfactorily completed the cross-country navigation flight training program as detailed below.
Exercises to be Completed
A minimum of 5 hours Cross Country flying to be completed , with a minimum of 2 hours solo cross country time.
The program should comprise of at least 4 exercises in two sections. Some pilots may require extra dual flights.
1) A shorter dual flight(s) followed by a solo flight on the same route
2) A longer dual flight(s) followed by a solo flight on the same route with at least 3 legs.
The flight program should include the following elements. Typically each exercise will combine several of these elements in one flight. Emphasis is on forming good habits for the successful planning and navigation of cross country flights. :
Cross country elements
Two exercises that include flight into or around controlled airspace. ( If the local area has controlled airspace )
Landings at (at least) 2 different airfields.
One multi legged flight of at least 1 hour total time.
One exercise that includes flight above 5000ft ( high level navigation )
Two exercises that include flight between 500ft and 1000ft AGL ( low level navigation )
One exercise that includes flight in mountain / hill terrain. ( If this is part of the local terrain )
Two exercises that include in flight diversions simulating bad weather alternates.
Cross country skills
The following skills should be covered during the program:
Preflight planning including accessing current met and notam information
Fuel planning and management
Use of AIP for planning and in flight
Map reading including measuring distance, course plotting and airspace recognition.
Use of radio, transponder and GPS ( if fitted )
Access to in flight information services
En-route decision making and diversions
Circuit rejoin
Logbook Certification
Upon satisfactory completion of each cross-country flight, the Instructor completing the training shall endorse the applicant's logbook by notarising the particular flight as completed.
| National Cross Country | Top | Back to Index |
Prior to undertaking solo cross country exercises candidate pilots will have gained passes in the following examinations.
Navigation
Meteorology
Law
FRTO
An applicant for the issue of an National Advanced Pilot Certificate (GROUPS A,B,P,R) shall have satisfactorily completed the cross-country navigation flight training program as detailed below.
Exercises to be Completed
A minimum of 10 hours Cross Country flying to be completed , with a minimum of 4 hours solo cross country time.
Exercises completed while training for a Local Advanced Certificate may qualify toward this certificate.
The exercises to be completed in radio equipped aircraft
The program should comprise of at least 4 exercises in two sections. Some pilots may require extra dual flights.
1) A shorter dual flight(s) followed by a solo flight on the same route
2) A longer dual flight(s) followed by a solo flight on the same route
The flight program should include the following elements. Typically each exercise will combine several of these elements in one flight. Emphasis is on forming good habits for the successful planning and navigation of cross country flights. :
Cross country elements
Two exercises that include flight into controlled airspace.
Landings at (at least) 3 different airfields.
One multi legged flight of at least 3 hours total time.
Two exercises that include flight above 5000ft ( high level navigation )
Two exercises that include flight between 500ft and 1000ft AGL ( low level navigation )
Two exercises that include flight in mountain / hill terrain. ( Subject to local terrain availability )
Two exercises that include in flight diversions simulating bad weather alternates.
Cross country skills
The following skills should be covered during the program:
Preflight planning including accessing current met and notam information
Fuel planning and management
Use of AIP for planning and in flight
Map reading including measuring distance, course plotting and airspace recognition.
Use of radio, transponder and GPS
Access to in flight information services
En-route decision making and diversions
Circuit rejoin
Logbook Certification
Upon satisfactory completion of each cross-country flight, the Instructor completing the training shall endorse the applicant's logbook by notarising the particular flight as completed.
| Pilot Examinations | Top | Back to Index |
Aviation Law and Publications
Candidates are required to have a broad knowledge of the purpose and general coverage of the following documents or groups of documents:
a) Civil Aviation Rules Part 91.
b) NZ Aeronautical Information Publication.
Visual Flight Guide.
NOTAM.
AIC Supplement.
c) Civil Aviation Act 1990.
d) CAR Part 103
Candidates are required to have a practical working knowledge of the Civil Aviation Rules and documents issued thereunder which are pertinent to the operation of Microlight Aircraft under visual meteorological conditions, listed hereunder:
(1) Civil Aviation Rules
Part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules
Part 61 Pilot Licencing
Part 47 Aircraft Registration and Markings
Part 43 General Maintenance Rules
Part 12 Mandatory Occurrence Reporting
(2) Civil Aviation Rules Part 103
Subpart A - General
Subpart E - Operating Rules
Subpart F - Flight Rules
Subpart G - Airworthiness and Maintenance.
(3) NZ Aeronautical Information Publication
Visual Flight Guide and AIP Supplements: NOTAMS: Candidates should have a broad understanding of the functions of these publications and the information contained in them.
(4) Civil Aviation Act 1990 No. 98
Part II, Paragraph 13 Duties of Pilot-in-Command; and
Part II, Paragraphs 26 and 27 Notification of Accidents
(5) Microlight Air Navigation and Flight Planning
Form of the earth Latitude and Longitude Direction of the earth Direction by the 360 degree system, true north, magnetic north, variation.
Visual Navigation and Planing Charts. Practical use of the charts, measuring tracks and distances, knowledge of the principal chart symbols, contour lines, airspace boundaries and types, special use airspace.
(6) Micro Meteorology
Composition of the atmosphere. *2
Atmospheric pressure Units of measure, variation with height, pressure altitude, the effects of, ISA. *2
Atmospheric temperature Units of measure, variation with height, density altitude, the effects of, ISA. *2
Pressure systems and fronts Depression or low pressure, anti-cyclone or high pressure, cold and warm fronts, the general characteristics of pressure systems and fronts as they occur over NZ, horizontal pressure, isobars. *3
Wind Wind velocity, wind-shear, backing and veering, sea breezes, fohn winds, valley winds, anabatic and katabatic winds. *5
Clouds Cloud classifications, effect of haze smoke and fog on visibility, visibility, fog. *2
Turbulence Mechanical, terrain, convectional, local winds, slipstream, wake, the evaluation and recognition of potential areas of low-level turbulence and its potential effect on the operation of Microlight Aircraft, mountain waves. *5
Aviation meteorological organisation Terms and abbreviations used in meteorological forecasts and reports, procedures for obtaining pre-flight meteorological information. *3
Note: *1 to *5 to be considered as degree of competency required by applicants, *1 being least, *5 being greatest.
(7) Aircraft Technical Knowledge Microlight Aircraft
Properties of the air Density, variation of density with changes of temperature, pressure and height.
Principles of flight Meaning and significance of terms associated with aerodynamics, thrust, drag, lift, weight, aerofoil, angle of attack, centre of pressure, stalling, spinning, drag (induced and parasitic).
Propellers Pitch, effect on engine and aircraft performance of fine and coarse pitch propellers, reduction drives, propeller care.
Engines Principles of operation and associated systems, including ignition, cooling, carburation, fuel, oil and carburettor heat, control of engines and indications of performance, mixture control.
Airframe Recognition of airframe defects generally with particular emphasis on landing gear, flying controls and their associated cables, wing and tail surface attachment points, bracing wires and engine.
Loading Knowledge of the terms centre of gravity and centre of gravity limits, the importance of centre of gravity position, knowledge of the precautions that should be taken when loading aircraft (eg. security of loads), factors affecting take-off, climb and landing performance.
Airmanship General airmanship relating to the operation of Microlight Aircraft.
| Pilot Flight Test | Top | Back to Index |
General Knowledge Test
a) Aircraft documents including knowledge of loading.
b) Aircraft inspection and pre-flight check.
Piloting Technique Test
a) Taxiing.
b) Take-off into wind.
c) Engine failure after take-off.
d) Straight and level flight, including minimum speed level flight.
e) Level, climbing and descending turns including steep level turns.
f) Forced landing without power from a height and position nominated by the examiner.
g) Circuit rejoin procedures
h) Demonstration of three circuits:
1] Take-off into wind, circuit, overshoot from 50ft, re-circuit. (The examiner to specify the circuit parameters.)
2] Carry out a precision landing (ie. short field approach and landing).
3] Precision power-off landing.
i) Low flying exercises:
1] Visual effects of low level turns in wind.
2] Bad weather configuration
3] Technique for reversing turn in deteriorating weather
4] Evaluation of a precautionary landing site
For 2/3 Axis aircraft
a) Approach to the stall in landing configuration with power off and with partial power. Recovery in both cases to be carried out at stall onset / hight sink rate with minimum height loss (within the stalling limitations of the Microlight Aircraft type as specified by the manufacturer).
b) Wing drop stall / Stall spin onset - Demonstrate a wing drop stall with correct recovery technique. If the manual of the flight test aircraft does not allow wing drop stalls the exercise should not be performed BUT the pilot candidate will need to show a logbook entry showing that wing drop stall exercises have been completed in the past. Proof of completion of wing drop stall exercises in any aircraft approved for this maneuver is acceptable. In any event Instructor and Pilot should discuss recovery from stall / spin with rudder and typical low speed, high angle of attack, banking and out of balance scenarios leading to stall / spin entry.
For weight shift aircraft
a) Approach to the stall in landing configuration with power off and with partial power. Recovery in both cases to be carried out at stall onset / hight sink rate with minimum height loss (within the stalling limitations of the Microlight Aircraft type as specified by the manufacturer).
For Autogyros
a) Knowledge of operations behind the power curve.
b) Knowledge of Pilot Induced Oscillation and recovery.
For Powered Parachutes
a) Knowledge of canopy collapse, steering riser breakage and canopy non inflation on take-off.
The Examiner should complete the _Flight_Test_Checklist_ and submit it, with the pink copy of the Pilot Certificate Application from the "RAANZ Licence Validation and Membership'' book with the appropriate fee, to RAANZ at the current address.
The blue copy of the Pilot Certificate Application shall be added to the applicants pilot logbook. The yellow copy remains in the "RAANZ Licence Validation and Membership'' book as the Instructors copy.
Note : Flight tests conducted on single-seat Microlight Aircraft shall include all elements of the flight test syllabus. The applicant shall be briefed by the examiner to carry out the various maneuvers to a sequence in an area in the examiners field of view.
| Microlight Instructor Examination | Top | Back to Index |
Prior to undertaking the flight test for a Microlight Instructor Certificate, applicant is required:
a) To pass an oral examination in principles of flight.
(Air and airflow, air resistance, aerofoils, lift and drag, thrust, level flight, gliding, climbing, maneuvers, stability and control.)
b) To pass an oral examination in VFR operations with particular emphasis on airspace considerations.
( Control zone (CTR), terminal movement area (TMA), upper control area (UTA), control area (visual exempted) (CTA/VE), visual flight rule table, Transponder Mandatory Airspace. )
c) To pass an oral and practical examination in the preparation and operation of Microlight Aircraft.
( NEEDS DETAILS HERE Syllabus as specified by RAANZ.)
d) To pass an oral examination on micro meteorology.
( NEEDS DETAILS HERE Syllabus as specified by RAANZ.)
e) To pass an oral examination on Low Inertia performance characteristics
( NEEDS DETAILS HERE Syllabus as specified by RAANZ.)
f) To pass an oral examination on the RAANZ certificate structure and use of the appropriate administration forms and manual
( NEEDS DETAILS HERE Syllabus as specified by RAANZ.)
Where candidates have most of their Flight Experience in Part 61 Aircraft special consideration shall be placed on "Low Inertia" performance characteristics.
Candidates should be accessed on their interpersonal skills and ability to pass information to a student.
| Microlight Instructor Flight Test | Top | Back to Index |
The Microlight Flight Instructor Flight Test should cover all of the elements of the Pilot Flight Test as well as reviewing instructional technique using one of the lesson plans from the Instructor guide.
Instructors training in 2/3 axis aircraft should use an aircraft that is approved to perform wing drop stalls and this exercise should be part of the flight test.
| Type Ratings | Top | Back to Index |
There are NO "group" ratings, such as low performance, with coverage of a different types.
Aircraft will be considered different types if any of the following are true :
The manufacturer assigns them as different aircraft
Their airframes are structurally or functionally different
They have different power plants or propeller control systems
They have different controls or systems
Instructors need to assess if a pilots basic certificate level is appropriate for the aircraft to be rated on especially for an Advanced Local being rated on a capable cross country machine it may be prudent to Upgrade to an Advanced National.
When ratings are being sought on single seat machines and no Instructors are available with experience on type Instructors may need to take advantage of experienced Pilots on type to do joint briefings
After completing the rating and demonstrating competence the pilots logbook will be endorsed by the instructor for the type of microlight aircraft.
Generally everyone needs to gain a type rating from an Instructor who holds a rating on that type.
RAANZ recognises any type rating given by a duly authorised person recognised by CAA or other regulatory aviation authority as being valid. As long as the person issuing the rating records their authority with the rating in the candidates logbook.
Special Privileges for Senior Instructors
A Senior Instructor may self rate on type with the assistance of a properly rated and experienced non instructor pilot. The non instructor will be guided through the rating process by the instructor so that all aspects of a rating are covered. The non instructor pilot shall be pilot in command until both pilots agree that the instructor is competent on the type and assumes pilot in command status. Before flying the type the instructor should seek a phone briefing from an experienced rated instructor and have access to all relevant information from the aircraft manufacturer.
If there is NO other practical way for a type rating to be attained a Senior Instructor who has experience in machines with similar characteristics within the same group, may choose to self rate on type. Before flying the type the instructor should seek a phone briefing from an experienced rated instructor and have access to all relevant information from the aircraft manufacturer.
| Microlight Test Pilot | Top | Back to Index |
Other persons who require a Microlight Test Pilot Rating may apply to an ATO for evaluation.
Such persons will be tested to the knowledge and flight test standard of a Senior Instructor, by an ATO, except that their instructional ability will not be assessed.
Applicants should supply any supplementary evidence as to qualifications or experience as is available.
A minimum experience of 150 hours Flight Experience will be required for Test Pilot approval. The approval will be valid for any Group Rating the pilot holds.
It is recommended that ALL test flying be carried out in accordance with Form CAA 2116, Flight Test Schedule, copies of which are available from RAANZ at the current address. Test Pilots will have to modify sections of this booklet to suit the type of Microlight being tested.
| Special Ratings | Top | Back to Index |
Water Operations
Tugmaster - for hang glider towing.
| Renewal procedure for current Part 61 Instructors | Top | Back to Index |
1) The date for their next flight test for the Part 61 licence and the RAANZ instructor rating are syncronised. The RAANZ rating can not exceed the expiry date of the Part 61 flight test coverage current at the time of application , and
2) A photocopy of the logbook entry for the Part 61 flight test is provided , and
3) A photocopy of their logbook is provided documenting currency in a microlight type at the time of renewal , and
4) The instructor maintains continuous RAANZ membership
This documentation should be included with the usual CMV form and sent to RAANZ administration.
The intent of this procedure is to allow instructors who hold dual Part 61 and RAANZ ratings to easily renew their RAANZ rating.
To maintain the information loop with RAANZ and their instructors, all Part 61 Instructors holding a RAANZ microlight instructor rating are required to be full financial members of RAANZ and encouraged to participate in our instructor seminars and workshops.
| Out of area certificate issue and renewal | Top | Back to Index |
| Microlight Aircraft | |
| Incidents | Top | Back to Index |
The RAANZ Executive Council shall take action either as recommended by the Club involved, or as it sees fit, or shall refer the incident to Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand for action.
Any investigation undertaken into any incident by RAANZ will utilise Authorised Testing Officers as the first avenue of investigation.
| Alert Level | Top | Back to Index |
| Maintenance | Top | Back to Index |
Microlight Aircraft maintenance shall be the responsibility of the aircraft Owner.
The Club Safety Officer, or an Inspection Authority Holder, may, upon request from the Owner, and without prejudice, inspect the aircraft and report to the Owner any maintenance aspects affecting the safety of the aircraft.
RAANZ recommends that all Microlight Owners maintain their aircraft, engines and equipment, in accordance with the Manufacturer's published Maintenance Schedules.
| Microlight Inspection Authority | Top | Back to Index |
a) Current RAANZ Membership, AND
b) Licenced Aircraft Maintenance Engineer; OR
c) Engineering Trade Certificate and microlight maintenance experience; OR
d) Considerable experience in the maintenance and repair of microlights; OR
e) Experience in building, repair and maintenance of amateur-built aircraft or microlights.
Minimum knowledge requirements are:
a) Conversant with relevant Civil Aviation Rules.
b) Understanding of the exemptions from the Rules as shown in CAR Part 103. (Candidates should have a copy of Part 103).
c) Knowledge of standard aircraft maintenance practices, repairs to structures and fabrics.(AC43-13-1A refers).
d) Knowledge of materials used in microlights, their properties, equivalents and aircraft hardware.
e) Knowledge of propeller construction, defects, repair and balancing.
f) Knowledge of 2 and 4 cycle engines, carburation, ignition, cooling, generation and installation in microlight aircraft.
g) Knowledge of aircraft radio requirements, NZ Post Radio Licence.
h) Knowledge of modification procedure and effect of modifications on weight and balance, performance and structural integrity.
i) Understanding of the Flight Permit validation procedure, MOT 2117 and the responsibilities of being an Inspector.
j) Familiarity with CAR Part 43.
Persons who meet the criteria set out above may apply to RAANZ for the granting of an Inspection Authority, using the application form in the Forms Section of this Manual.
Applicants should attach to this form any supplementary evidence as to qualifications or experience as is available.
Applications will not be accepted without the Club Recommendation section completed by a Club Office Holder.
An Inspection Authority is valid for the length of membership of the holder, unless terminated as detailed below:
1. Applicants will be examined by the RAANZ Technical Officer against the qualifications and knowledge requirements on this page.
2. The RAANZ Executive Council will screen the application, and, if approved, will be assigned a numbered book of inspection forms. The Authority Holder will use his/her Identification/Certificate number on all Inspection forms.
3. Training shall be conducted by RAANZ as required by new developments from time-to-time.
4. RAANZ may also delegate an existing Inspection Authority Holder to assess and train any new applicant.
5. Inspection Authority Holders who have not undertaken an Aircraft Inspection for a period of One Year may at the discretion of the RAANZ Executive, have his/her inspection authority rescinded.
6. RAANZ reserves the right to terminate any such Authority granted by it.
Steps to becoming an IA
Using the _Inspection_Authority_Application_Form_ take the following steps
1/ The applicant approaches his local club for their support. The club will write a letter of support for the application.
2/ The applicant/club approaches an existing IA to be the applicants sponsor.
3/ If the Sponsor IA feels happy with the applicant he would choose to guide him through the application process which would include
a) Review their skill set as described above. The sponsor to give a written review of the applicants skills.
b) An inspection would be conducted with the sponsor.
If the sponsor thought the applicants was ready for further assessment he would pass to the next stage. If the sponsor thought more duplicates were required the sponsor and the applicant would continue doing duplicate inspections until he was happy to recommend the applicant pass to the next level. A written report of the inspection(s) would be completed by the sponsor.
c) The applicant performs the final duplicate inspections with an IA or LAME other than the sponsor. Written reports of these inspections would be completed by the existing IA or LAME. This report would include a recommendation to issue an IA rating.
d) The applicant would attach the letter of support from their club committee, written report of the applicants skill set, documentation detailing the inspections performed with the sponsor and the final duplicate inspection.
4/ Applications will be submitted to RAANZ. The application would be processed as described in _Inspection_Authority_Authorisation_ procedure.
| Modification | Top | Back to Index |
For microlight aircraft accepted under other acceptable standards, refer to the standard for guidance regarding continued compliance.
General
Every Class 2 Microlight that is modified in any manner that may affect the airworthiness of the aircraft shall not be flown until the modification has been assessed and accepted by the RAANZ Technical Officer.
Class 2 Modification Procedure
The procedure for acceptance of any modification for aircraft not requiring conformity to a published acceptable standard is as follows:
1. All relevant data, including photographs where possible, should be submitted to RAANZ with a request that the modification be accepted and enclosing the appropriate fee.
2. RAANZ will assess the modification for compliance with CAR part 103.209, if necessary utilising qualified outside help, the cost of which will be chargeable to the aircraft owner.
The Microlight will be inspected by the Technical Officer or Inspection Authority Holder for the re-validation of the flight permit.
The Inspection Authority Holder or RAANZ. may require a test flight program of any specified duration before the re-validation of the flight permit.
Where a flight test program is specified, a Special Flight Permit validation will be issued for the duration of that program by RAANZ. Upon satisfactory completion of the Flight Test Program, the aircraft will be re-inspected by the Technical Officer or Inspection Authority Holder with particular reference to the modification.
3. The Technical Officer or Inspection Authority Holder after satisfactorily completing the aircraft inspection will re-validate the flight permit and record the modification on the Inspection form.
4. The modification may be referred to the Technical Committee by the Technical Officer if he considers this course of action appropriate (perhaps because of complexity)
Class 1 Modifications
Every Class 1 microlight that is modified must continue to comply with the CAR Part 103.
Modifications invalidate existing flight permit
Any modification made to an aircraft will invalidate its existing Permit to Fly.
The a new Permit to Fly will be issued after the aircraft has been inspected AND the modification has been approved.
| Defects | Top | Back to Index |
Details of Microlight Defects may also be submitted by any RAANZ member or Club.
Reports shall be made on the Defect Reporting Form _Aircraft_Defect_Form_ contained in the Forms Section of the Manual. Defect Reports should be brief and concise, and shall be submitted within 1 month of the occurrence. If no forms are at hand Reports may be written on another format provided the same information required on the form is supplied.
This is a mandatory report scheme, designed to advertise to other Microlight pilots any safety related matter involving the maintenance or operation of Microlight Aircraft, or other defects that individual Pilots have experienced and consider it advantageous that other Pilots be aware of.
Defects reported by this method will be assessed by the Technical Officer and Executive Council, as part of their monthly Meeting Agenda. If warranted, RAANZ will publish them in Club Newsletters and the Official Medium. In any case, a monthly summary of Reports received will be forwarded to the Director, Civil Aviation Authority.
Defect Report details will be recorded by RAANZ and will be held by the Administration Officer. Reports will be analysed when necessary to determine trends detrimental to safety, in accordance with the procedure.
It should be noted that the submission of this form to RAANZ does NOT absolve the pilot from compliance with any requirement in the Civil Aviation Act with respect to the notification of Aircraft Accidents.
| Safety Directive and Airworthiness Directive Compliance | Top | Back to Index |
Upon receipt, RAANZ will forward a copy of any Safety Directive to the Director, Civil Aviation Authority, and each Registered Owner affected, at their last known address.
RAANZ will also publish the Safety Directive in Club Newsletters and the Official Medium.
It shall be the Owner's responsibility to comply with the Safety Directive.
A Microlight aircraft that is not in compliance with an applicable Airworthiness or Safety Directive shall not be flown.
Class 2 Microlight compliance shall be checked upon the annual re-validation of the Flight Permit
| Service Bulletin Assessment and Dissemination | Top | Back to Index |
The Service Bulletin will be assessed by the Technical Officer and the Executive Council, and, if warranted, RAANZ will publish it in Club Newsletters and/or the Official Medium.
It shall be the Owner's responsibility to comply with the Service Bulletin.
In the case of Service Bulletins classified as MANDATORY by the Manufacturer, Class 2 Microlight compliance will be checked upon re-validation of the Flight Permit document.
| Type Acceptance | Top | Back to Index |
For all GROUPS of microlights, an identification plate shall be fitted to the main frame carrying the serial number and registration. The registration letters shall be affixed as described in CAR Part 47. For Groups A and P, the wing and the main frame are treated as a complete unit. Any changes of wing to the main frame shall be treated as a modification.
Class 1 Microlight
RAANZ is responsible for acceptance and clearance of the design. Class 1 Microlight Aircraft are not subject to a Flight Permit, but must still be registered using Form MOT 2187.
Prior to the registration of a Class 1 Microlight, the owner shall submit to the RAANZ Executive Council sufficient documentary evidence in the form of designs or specifications that the Microlight conforms to the definition of a Class 1 Microlight, and a written request for acceptance, PRIOR to application to the Civil Aviation Authority for Registration.
Such aircraft may be checked for conformity in the field at the request of RAANZ by an authorised person, who will forward written verification of conformity to RAANZ.
In the case of Microlights certified in another Country acceptable under CAR Part 103, the Owner shall produce verification from the relevant Civil Aviation Authority, or the Manufacturer, that such certification exists and has been complied with.
Certification from the Owner will be required that the aircraft is built in accordance with the Manufacturers instructions.
RAANZ will verify conformity to the definition and confirm such verification to the owner, who should submit the RAANZ acceptance along with the Registration Application to Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand.
Where a hang-glider wing is to be used in the group, a microlight configuration verification shall be sought for the specific wing from the Hang-gliding Association as being satisfactory for flight.
Class 2 Microlights
Class 2 Microlights are subject to a Flight Permit document, which is issued for the life of the aircraft, and re-validated annually by an inspection of the aircraft conducted by an Inspection Authority Holder.
A Flight Permit may only be issued if the aircraft has had Registration Marks allocated by Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand. as described in this Manual, has been inspected for Conformity with the Type Design, and the standard of workmanship checked as satisfactory by a RAANZ Inspector.
The Flight Permit Document shall be carried in the aircraft. The current Flight Permit validation sticker shall be affixed to the aircraft in a clearly visible position.
Inspection Authority holders shall have to hand such information pertaining to the Microlight aircraft or Autogyros being inspected as RAANZ shall issue from time-to-time.
| Application for Certificate of Registration and Issue of Flight Permit | Top | Back to Index |
RAANZ may recommend the issue of a Flight Permit document for a Class 2 Microlight aircraft if:
a) The aircraft is of a type which the Director has accepted as eligible for issue of a Flight Permit;
AND
b) The aircraft has been inspected by a person authorised in writing by the Director for that purpose and found to be in a safe condition.
Unless otherwise prescribed by the Director, a Flight Permit for a Class 2 Microlight aircraft shall continue in force for the life of the aircraft, and shall be valid for a period of 12 months.
RAANZ may re-validate a Flight Permit for a Class 2 Microlight aircraft for a period not exceeding 12 months, if satisfied that the aircraft is in a safe condition for flight by the satisfactory completion of an annual inspection.
A Flight Permit may be issued subject to such conditions as the Director considers appropriate, and where the aircraft is operated in breach of these conditions the Flight Permit shall become void and of no effect.
| Revalidation of Flight Permit | Top | Back to Index |
a) The Owner shall, at least 28 days before the expiry date of the last Flight Permit, contact an Inspection Authority holder and arrange an aircraft inspection. It is the Owners responsibility to make the aircraft available for inspection. If Inspection Authority Holder is requested to travel, a charge may be made for Kms. at the current rate. A list of current Inspection Authority Holders is available from RAANZ at the current address.
b) The Inspection Authority Holder will complete an Aircraft Inspection and Flight Permit Validation Form. If the aircraft passes inspection, the Inspector shall affix a validation sticker to the aircraft after:
(1) signing the validation sticker
(2) entering an expiry date on the validation sticker 12 months after the inspection date.
Note: ALL sections of this Form must be completed.
c) The Inspector will forward the completed Form, together with the appropriate fee, to RAANZ at the current address.
d) RAANZ will confirm that the aircraft is registered and is an accepted type, and will enter details into their records.
| Special Operations | |
| Microlight Helicopter Operations | Top | Back to Index |
Part 103, Class 1 or Class 2 microlight helicopters shall be operated in compliance with Civil Aviation Rule, Part 103, Subpart F and any limitations set down in the manufacturer's flight manual applicable to the aircraft type.
Pilot-in-Command Requirements
No person shall act as pilot-in-command of a Part 103 microlight helicopter unless that person:
a) Is the holder of a current Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter issued by RAANZ; OR
b) Is the holder of a current private pilot licence (helicopter) or higher category flight crew licence (helicopter) issued by Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand and has a type rating on the helicopter type issued in accordance with Civil Aviation Rule Part 61, Subpart B. and is a member of RAANZ; OR
c) Is operating under the direct supervision of a Flight Training Organisation affiliated to RAANZ.
A pilot shall not act as pilot-in-command of a Class 2 microlight helicopter carrying a passenger by day, unless:
a) In compliance with sub-paragraphs (a) or (b) above, and has carried out as pilot-in-command on the same helicopter type, not less than 3 take-offs and 3 landings during the previous 90 days; OR
b) Has satisfactorily demonstrated, to a helicopter instructor, continued proficiency in a helicopter of the same type.
Pilot Training Requirements
Pilot flight training for the issue of a RAANZ Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter shall only be conducted by a Flight Training Organisation or Club approved by RAANZ for that purpose, and shall generally meet those requirements necessary for qualification as a Private Pilot - Helicopter, except -
a) Pilot medical requirements may comply with the standard specified by RAANZ; AND
b) Pilot knowledge requirements may be a standard approved by RAANZ.
Approval for a Flight Training Organisation to conduct helicopter training shall only be given following a written application to the RAANZ Executive.
Instructor Requirements
Only persons holding a current RAANZ membership and a current:
a) Category C, B or A flight instructor rating (helicopter) issued in accordance with Civil Aviation Rule, Part 61, Subpart G shall give flight instruction on a Part 103 microlight helicopter for the qualification of a Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter; OR
b) Microlight helicopter instructor rating issued by RAANZ to a standard equivalent to (a) above, shall give flight instruction on a Part 103 microlight helicopter for the qualification of a Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter
Type Ratings
Every Class 2 microlight helicopter shall be subject to a type rating requirement in accordance with Civil Aviation Rule Part 61, Subpart B.
A type rating may be issued by an appropriately qualified flight instructor.
Pilot Flight Tests
Only persons holding a current RAANZ membership and a current:
a) Category B or A flight instructor rating (helicopter) issued in accordance with Civil Aviation Rule, Part 61, Subpart G shall conduct a flight test on a Part 103 microlight helicopter for the qualification of a Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter.
b) Senior microlight instructor (helicopter) issued by RAANZ to a standard equivalent to (a) above shall conduct a flight test on a Part 103 helicopter for the qualification of a Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter.
Any candidate for the issue of a Part 103 Microlight Pilot Certificate - Helicopter shall comply with the eligibility requirements for issue of a Private Pilot Licence - Helicopter under Civil Aviation Rule Part 61, Subpart B, or a RAANZ equivalent, and with 28.4 of this manual and demonstrate to a testing authority:
a) General knowledge of and an ability to perform competently, those normal and emergency flight maneuvers applicable to the type of helicopter in which the candidate is being flight tested; AND
b) An ability to comply with air traffic services practices and procedures.
Maintenance Requirements
Prior to any flight, the pilot-in-command shall conduct a physical inspection of the aircraft to determine that:
a) The aircraft is airworthy by performing a pre-flight inspection as amplified in the aircraft flight manual including removal of covers, tie-downs and bungs.
b) Adequate fuel is on board with required reserves to either accomplish the flight or to reach planned refueling points.
c) If required, special equipment such as life jackets, life rafts and survival kits are on board the aircraft and are serviceable and properly stowed.
If an inspection or check made under the above provisions indicates a departure from permissible limits or malfunctioning of any part of the aircraft, or in equipment which is required for flight, the pilot-in-command shall not commence the take-off and the aircraft shall not be flown until it has been deemed serviceable.
The helicopter owner shall be responsible to ensure that necessary maintenance is performed on the aircraft in accordance with requirements specified by the aircraft manufacturer. The standard for maintenance for microlight helicopters shall be determined by RAANZ. This standard is currently met by an appropriately rated aircraft maintenance engineer.
Aircraft Unserviceable
Any unserviceability of a helicopter or its equipment which is found by the pilot-in-command at the pre-flight inspection or during flight and which affects, or may affect, the satisfactory operation of that helicopter, shall be rectified before further flight.
Furthermore, should the pilot-in-command become aware of any damage to the helicopter or any of the helicopter's systems, or considers the helicopter has suffered abnormal flight or ground loads or has acquired characteristics such as to adversely affect the safety of that helicopter, the helicopter shall not be flown until the unserviceability has been rectified.
Details of the unserviceability and rectification action taken shall be detailed in the Aircraft Logbook.
| Microlight Towing Operations | Top | Back to Index |
No person shall act as pilot-in-command of a Microlight engaged in towing operations unless that person:
a) Is the holder of a current Microlight Pilot Certificate - Advanced (or higher) issued by RAANZ; AND
b) Has completed a minimum of 100 hours total flight time in Microlight aircraft, which includes a minimum of 80 hours pilot-in-command; AND
c) Has completed a minimum of 20 hours total flight time in the type of aircraft to be used in the towing operation; AND
d) Has satisfactorily completed, within the last 24 months, an oral and practical test to be conducted by EITHER the holder of a Microlight Senior Instructor Certificate with Tugmaster endorsement, OR the holder of a NZHGPA Instructor Rating with considerable aero-towing experience. The syllabus and standards for this test are contained in the "N.Z. Aerotow Manual".
The granting of a Tow Rating shall be entered into the pilot's logbook and signed by the Instructor
Tow Rating (Tugmaster) - Recent Experience Requirements
No person shall act as pilot-in-command of a Microlight engaged in towing operations unless that person complies with the recent experience requirements of the Microlight Pilot Certificate held.
Tow Rating (Tugmaster) - Privileges
a) The holder of a Tow Rating is authorised to aerotow Hang Gliders subject to the following limitations:
b) The Hang Glider and Pilot being towed must comply with all necessary NZHGPA requirements and approvals.
c) The Microlight and towing apparatus being used must comply with the provisions of this Manual.
d) The towing operations must comply with the provisions of this Manual and those in the "N.Z. Aerotow Manual".
Tow Aircraft Requirements
Any Microlight used for towing operations shall:
a) Be an approved Type under C.A.A. Rules Part 103 and comply with the provisions of those Rules.
b) Be a Class 1 or Class 2 Microlight aircraft, but may NOT carry a passenger during towing operations.
c) Be either a Type A (Weightshift) or a Type B (2/3 Axis) Microlight aircraft only.
d) Be capable of straight and level flight at 32 knots (35 M.P.H.) T.A.S.
e) Be capable of a climb rate of 350 feet per minute with the towed aircraft attached.
f) Be capable of taking-off and climbing to a height of 50 feet A.G.L. within 85% of the available runway length with the towed aircraft attached.
g) Be fitted with a convex mirror of such a size and in such a position that the pilot can see the towed aircraft at all times.
h) Be fitted with towing apparatus that conforms to the provisions of this Manual.
It is recommended that suitable 2-way communication equipment be fitted to enable contact between the towing aircraft and the towed aircraft pilots.
Towed Aircraft Requirements
The Hang Glider under tow shall comply with all requirements and approvals laid down by the NZHGPA.
The Pilot of a Hang Glider under tow shall comply with all requirements and approvals laid down by the NZHGPA.
Tow Rig Requirements - General
All tow rigs will be inspected, and approved in writing for the specific Microlight aircraft to which they are fitted, by EITHER a RAANZ Inspection Authority holder OR an NZHGPA Inspector.
It is recommended that tow rigs manufactured or approved by the aircraft manufacturer be used where possible.
Tow Rig Requirements - Tow Rope
Any rope used to connect the towing and towed aircraft during aerotow operations shall:
a) Be a minimum of 50 metres and a maximum of 100 metres in length.
b) Be of a minimum breaking strain of 150 kg and be of non-stretch material.
c) Contain a weak link at each end with the forward link being 10% stronger than the rearward link. The forward link shall have a maximum breaking strain of 100 kg or 85% of the towed Hang Glider and pilot weight, whichever is the lesser.
d) Contain a drogue device situated at least 75% to the rear of the rope and of sufficient size to prevent excessive droop when towed unattached.
Tow Rig Requirements - Bridle
Any bridle arrangement used during aerotow operations shall:
a) Provide for the towing point to be on or near the thrust line of the towing aircraft.
b) Be unable to foul the towing aircraft's propeller under any circumstances.
c) Be unable to foul or hinder the towing aircraft's control system under any circumstances.
Tow Rig Requirements - Release Mechanism
All tow rigs shall contain a release mechanism at the forward AND rearward ends, the forward end release mechanism being operable by the tow pilot and the rearward end release mechanism being operable by the towed pilot. Each release mechanism will:
a) Be easily operable up to 1.5 times the tow line breaking strain.
b) Be easily operable under conditions of no load (I.E. slack line).
c) Be subjected to testing prior to the first tow of any day.
Aerotow Operations
Aerotow Launch and Inflight Operations and Procedures are specified in the "N.Z. Aerotow Manual", and shall be complied with at all times.
| Comments or content for these pages : RaanzWeb Maintainer For more information : Raanz Administration |
|